I-China Consumer Daily ibike (intatheli uLi Jian) Vula isiciko (ibhegi), sele ikulungele ukutyiwa, inencasa entle, kwaye kulula ukuyigcina. Kutshanje, ukutya okusemathinini kube yinto ekufuneka ibekho kuluhlu lweesitokhwe zeentsapho ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluncinci olwenziwe kwi-intanethi lwabathengi abangaphezu kwama-200 yintatheli evela kwi-China Consumer News lubonise ukuba ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba ukutya akutshanga, kufuneka kongezwe izithintelo ezininzi, kwaye kulahlekelwe sisondlo esininzi, uninzi lwabantu lunembono epheleleyo ngokutya okusemathinini. "Ukuthandeka" ngokwenene akuphezulu kakhulu. Kodwa ngaba la mathandabuzo afanelekile? Yiva oko kuthethwa ziingcali zesayensi yokutya.
Iitoti ezithambileyo, ukhe weva ngayo?
Ngexesha lokunqongophala kwezinto zokwakha, ukutya okusemathinini kwakusakuba yincasa eyahlukileyo egcwele "ubunewunewu". Kwiinkumbulo ezininzi zeminyaka yasemva kweminyaka yama-70 nasemva kweminyaka yama-80, ukutya okusemathinini yimveliso yesondlo enokutya kuphela ngexesha lemibhiyozo okanye izifo.
Ukutya okusemathinini kwakukade kuyinto emnandi etafileni edinayo yabantu abaqhelekileyo. Phantse nakuphi na ukutya kunokusetini. Kuthiwa ukhetho lokutya okusemathinini lwahlukile, nto leyo enokwenza abantu bazive benobutyebi besidlo esipheleleyo saseManchurian.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba indlela ocinga ngayo ngokutya okusemathinini isekwizinga leziqhamo, imifuno, intlanzi kunye nenyama epakishwe kwiitini okanye kwiibhotile zeglasi, isenokuba "iphelelwe lixesha" kancinci.
“Umgangatho weSizwe woKhuseleko lokutya okusemathinini” uchaza ngokucacileyo ukutya okusemathinini njengokutya okungengomgangatho othengiswayo okwenziwe ngeziqhamo, imifuno, iifungi ezityiwayo, inyama yemfuyo kunye neenkukhu, izilwanyana zasemanzini, njl.njl., ezicutshungulwa ngonyango lwangaphambi kokunyangwa, ukucocwa, ukutywinwa, ukubulala iintsholongwane ngobushushu kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ukutya okusemathinini okuneebhaktheriya.
UNjingalwazi oNcedisayo uWu Xiaomeng ovela kwiSikolo seSayensi yokutya kunye noBunjineli beZondlo kwiYunivesithi yezoLimo yaseTshayina uchaze kudliwanondlebe nentatheli evela kwiChina Consumer News ukuba intsingiselo yokutya okusemathinini kukuqala kokuvalwa, kwaye okwesibini kukufezekisa ukungabi nazintsholongwane kwezorhwebo. Ukupakisha okusebenzisayo kunokuba kukupakisha okuqinileyo okumelwe ziithini zesinyithi zemveli okanye iitini zeglasi, okanye ukupakisha okuguquguqukayo okufana neengxowa zefoyile ye-aluminium kunye neengxowa zokupheka ezishushu kakhulu, ezibizwa ngokuba kukutya okuthambileyo okusemathinini. Umzekelo, iingxowa zemifuno kwiingxowa zefoyile ye-aluminium kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya okuzifudumezayo, okanye iingxowa zokupheka ezishushu eziqhelekileyo ezilungiselelwe kwangaphambili ezifana nezilayi zehagu ezinencasa yeSichuan kunye neziqwenga zehagu ezinencasa yentlanzi, zonke ziyinxalenye yoluhlu lokutya okusemathinini.
Malunga nowama-2000, njengodidi lokuqala lwemizi-mveliso kwishishini lokutya, ukutya okusemathinini kwaqanjwa ngokuthi “akunampilo”.
Ngowama-2003, uluhlu lwe "Top Ten Junk Foods Published by WHO" (ukutya okusemathinini kudwelisiwe) lwaluthathwa ngokubanzi njengeyona nto ibangela ukubanda kokutya okusemathinini ebantwini. Nangona olu luhlu luye lwaguquguquka ngokupheleleyo, ukutya okusemathinini, ingakumbi "ukutya okusemathinini okuqinileyo" kwendabuko (okupakishwe kwiingqayi zesinyithi okanye zeglasi), kubonakala kunzima ukuvula igama eliyimfihlo labantu baseTshayina.
Idatha ibonisa ukuba nangona imveliso yokutya okusemathinini yelizwe lam iphambili kwihlabathi liphela, ukusetyenziswa kokutya okusemathinini ngomntu ngamnye kungaphantsi kweekhilogram ezisi-8, kwaye abantu abaninzi batya ngaphantsi kweebhokisi ezimbini ngonyaka.
Ukutya ukutya okusemathinini kufana nokutya izigcini? Olu phando lubonisa ukuba ama-69.68% abaphenduli abakuthengi ukutya okusemathinini rhoqo, kwaye ama-21.72% abaphenduli bakuthenga ngamaxesha athile kuphela. Kwangaxeshanye, nangona ama-57.92% abaphenduli bekholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini kulula ukukugcina kwaye kufanelekile ukukugcina ekhaya, ama-32.58% abaphenduli basakholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye kufuneka kube nezigcini ezininzi kakhulu.
Enyanisweni, ukutya okusemathinini kuphakathi kokutya okumbalwa okufuna izithinteli okanye okuncinci.
"Umgangatho woKhuseleko lokutya weSizwe wokusetyenziswa kwezithako zokutya" ucacisa ukuba ukongeza kwi-bayberry esemathinini (i-propionic acid kunye ne-sodium kunye ne-calcium salts zayo zivumelekile ukuba zongezwe, ubungakanani obukhulu bokusetyenziswa yi-50 g/kg), amahlumela e-bamboo esemathinini, i-sauerkraut, i-fungi etyiwayo kunye namandongomane (kuvumelekile ukongeza i-Sulfur dioxide, ubungakanani obukhulu bokusetyenziswa yi-0.5 g/kg), inyama esemathinini (i-nitrite ivumelekile, ubungakanani obukhulu bokusetyenziswa yi-0.15 g/kg), ezi ntlobo zi-6 zokutya okusemathinini zifuna iidosi eziphantsi kakhulu zezithinteli ukujongana neentsholongwane ezithile, kwaye ezinye azinakongezwa.
Ngoko ke, yintoni "ixesha eliqandisiweyo" lokutya okusemathinini okuhlala kugcinwa iminyaka eli-1 ukuya kwemi-3 okanye nangaphezulu kubushushu begumbi?
UWu Xiaomeng uxelele intatheli ye-"China Consumer News" ukuba ukutya okusemathinini kukhuselwe ngeendlela ezimbini zobuchwepheshe bokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokugcinwa okuvaliweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukonakala kokutya kuchaphazeleka ziintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neenkuni. Ukucubungula ukutya okusemathinini ngeendlela zokubulala iintsholongwane ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunokubangela ukuba inani elikhulu lala ma-microorganism afe. Kwangaxeshanye, iinkqubo ezifana nokukhupha umoya kunye nokuvala zinokunciphisa kakhulu ungcoliseko lokutya. Umxholo we-oksijini kwisitya uthintela ukukhula kwezinye iintsholongwane ezinokubakho kwisitya, kwaye uthintele ukudlula kwe-oksijini okanye iintsholongwane ngaphandle kwesitya ukuya kwisitya, kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokucubungula ukutya, iiteknoloji ezintsha ezifana nokubulala iintsholongwane emoyeni olawulwayo kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwi-microwave zinexesha elifutshane lokufudumeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngoko ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba ukhathazeke ngezinto ezininzi zokugcina ukutya ezikwiimveliso ezisemathinini. "Isayensi edumileyo" kwi-Intanethi yokuba "ukutya ukutya okusemathinini kufana nokutya izinto zokugcina ukutya" iyoyikisa ngokupheleleyo.
Ingaba ukutya okusemathinini kuphelelwe lixesha kwaye kunesondlo?
Olu phando lufumanise ukuba ukongeza ekuxhalabeni ngezinto zokugcina ukutya, ama-24.43% abantu abaphendulileyo babekholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini akutshanga. Phakathi kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-150 abaphendulileyo “abangathengi rhoqo” kwaye “abangaze bathenge” ukutya okusemathinini, ama-77.62% abantu abaphendulileyo bakholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini akutshanganga.
Nangona abanye abathengi beqalile ukucinga ngokukhetha ukutya okusemathinini okulula ukukugcina ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuthintela nokulawula ubhubhane kunye nokugcina ukutya emakhaya, oku akuzange kutshintshe indlela abantu abakujonga ngayo “ukuphelelwa lixesha”.
Enyanisweni, ukuvela kwetekhnoloji yokucubungula ukutya esemathinini kukugcina ukutya kutsha.
UWu Xiaomeng ucacisile ukuba ukutya okufana nenyama neentlanzi kuya konakala ngokukhawuleza ukuba akucutshungulwanga ngexesha. Ukuba imifuno neziqhamo azicutshungulwanga ngexesha emva kokuba zivuniwe, izondlo ziya kuqhubeka zilahleka. Ke ngoko, ezinye iimpawu ezinekhonkco lokubonelela elipheleleyo ngokubanzi zikhetha ixesha lokuvuthwa elinemveliso enkulu yezithako kwaye zizenze zibe zintsha, kwaye yonke inkqubo yokukhetha izinto kunye nokucubungula ithatha ngaphantsi kweeyure ezili-10. Akukho kulahleka kwezondlo ngaphezu kwendlela izithako ezintsha ezithathwa ngayo ukusuka ekuvuneni, ekuthuthweni, ekuthengisweni, emva koko ukuya efrijini yomthengi.
Kakade ke, ezinye iivithamini ezingakwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphantsi ziyalahlekelwa bubushushu bazo xa zifakwa kwiinkonkxa, kodwa uninzi lwezondlo luyagcinwa. Olu lahleko alukho ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa zizondlo ezivela kwimifuno ephekiweyo ekhaya imihla ngemihla.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukutya okusemathinini kunokuba luncedo ekugcineni iivithamini. Umzekelo, iitumato ezisemathinini, nangona zicociwe iintsholongwane, uninzi lwevithamini C lusekhona xa ziphuma efektri, kwaye zizinzile. Omnye umzekelo ziintlanzi ezisemathinini. Emva kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokususwa kweentsholongwane kuxinzelelo oluphezulu, ayisiyonyama namathambo eentlanzi kuphela athambileyo, kodwa necalcium eninzi iyanyibilika. Umxholo wecalcium ebhokisini yeentlanzi ezisemathinini unokuba ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kalishumi kunoweentlanzi ezintsha ezinobunzima obufanayo. I-iron, i-zinc, i-iodine, i-selenium kunye nezinye iiminerali kwiintlanzi aziyi kulahleka.
Kutheni ukutya okusemathinini “kungenakutyeba”
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kucetyiswa ukuba abathengi baye kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuthenga okanye kwiivenkile ezinkulu ukuze bathenge iimveliso kubavelisi abaqhelekileyo, baze bagwebe umgangatho wokutya okusemathinini ngokujonga imbonakalo, ukupakisha, umgangatho weemvakalelo, iilebheli, kunye nophawu.
UWu Xiaomeng ukhumbuze ukuba iitini zeetini zesinyithi eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zibe nemo epheleleyo, zingabi nakuguquka, zingabi namonakalo, zingabi nazingcola, kwaye isigqubuthelo esingaphantsi kufuneka sibe sigobile ngaphakathi; umbindi wesigqubuthelo sesinyithi seetini zeebhotile zeglasi kufuneka ucinezelwe kancinci, kwaye umxholo kufuneka ujongwe ngomzimba webhotile. Imo kufuneka iphelele, isuphu icacile, kwaye akukho kungcola.
Isikhumbuzo esikhethekileyo kukuba ukuba uhlangabezana nezi meko zilandelayo, nokuba zinomtsalane kangakanani na izinto ezikwitini, ungayityi.
Enye yi "fat listening" ekwikhonkxini, oko kukuthi, itanki yokwandisa. Isizathu esiphambili sokwandiswa kwekhonkxini kukuba ingaphakathi lekhonkxini lingcoliswa ziintsholongwane kwaye livelisa igesi. Ezi gesi ziqokelelana ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekuguqukeni kwekhonkxini. Ke ngoko, ukutya okukwikhonkxinini "kuyatyeba", nto leyo ecacileyo ukuba konakele.
Okwesibini, ukupakishwa okusemathinini kuyavuza kwaye kuyabola. Ngexesha lokugcina nokuthutha iimveliso ezisemathinini, ngenxa yamaqhuma nezinye izizathu, ukupakishwa kwemveliso kuya kuba nokukhubazeka, kwaye umoya uya kuvuza kwisivalo sentonga. Ukuvuza komoya kubangela ukuba iimveliso ezisemathinini ziqhagamshelane nehlabathi langaphandle, kwaye iintsholongwane zinokusebenzisa elo thuba lokungena.
Uphando lufumanise ukuba ama-93.21% abantu abaphenduleyo babenokukhetha okulungileyo koku. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-7% yabantu abaphenduleyo babekholelwa ukuba ukungqubana okubangelwe kukuhamba kwakungeyongxaki inkulu, baza bakhetha ukuthenga nokutya.
UWu Xiaomeng ukhumbuze ukuba uninzi lwenyama esemathinini, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno azinzima kakhulu, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzitye ngexesha elinye emva kokuzivula. Ukuba awukwazi ukuzigqiba, kufuneka uzigalele kwisitya sokutya se-enamel, se-ceramic okanye seplastiki, usivale ngeplastiki, usigcine efrijini, kwaye usitye ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokuphathelele isosi yeswekile ekhenkcezisiweyo kunye nejam, umxholo weswekile uhlala uphakathi kwama-40% nama-65%. Xa kuthelekiswa, akulula ukuyibolisa emva kokuyivula, kodwa akufuneki ibe yinto engenankathalo. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyitya yonke ngaxeshanye, kufuneka uyigqume ibhotile, okanye uyigalele kwenye isitya uze uyivale ngeplastiki, uze uyigcine efrijini, uze uzame ukuyitya zingadlulanga iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ekwindla nasebusika, ingagcinwa ezinye iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Amakhonkco anxulumeneyo: I-Aseptic yoRhwebo
Ukutya okusemathinini akunazo zonke iintsholongwane, kodwa akunazo zonke iintsholongwane kurhwebo. Ukungabi nazintsholongwane kurhwebo kubhekisa kwimeko apho ukutya okusemathinini, emva kokucoca ubushushu obuphakathi, kungenazo iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo, kwaye akunazo iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezinokuphindaphindeka kubushushu obuqhelekileyo. Kwimeko yokungatyi zinambuzane kurhwebo, ukutya okusemathinini kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba kukhuselekile ukutyiwa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Jan-04-2023