I-China Consumer Daily ingxelo (intatheli uLi Jian) Vula isiciko (ibhegi), ilungele ukutyiwa, incasa entle, kwaye kulula ukuyigcina. Kutshanje, ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kuye kwayinto efunekayo kuluhlu lweestokhwe zamakhaya amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwamva nje lwe-Intanethi lwabathengi abangaphezu kwama-200 yintatheli evela eChina Consumer News lubonise ukuba ngenxa yenkxalabo yokuba ukutya akukutsha, kufuneka kube nezinto ezininzi ezigcinayo ezongeziweyo, kwaye zilahlekelwe yizondlo ezininzi, uninzi lwabantu lunolwazi olubanzi. umbono wokutya okunkonkxiweyo. "Ukuthandeka" eneneni akukho phezulu kakhulu. Kodwa ngaba ngokwenene la mathandabuzo ayathetheleleka? Yiva ukuba iingcali zenzululwazi yokutya zithini.
Iitoti ezithambileyo, ukhe weva ngazo?
Ngexesha lokunqongophala kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukutya okusemathinini kwakusetyenziselwa incasa eyahlukileyo egcwele "ubunewunewu". Kwiinkumbulo ezininzi ze-post-70s kunye ne-post-80s, ukutya okusemathinini kuyimveliso yesondlo enokudliwa kuphela ngexesha lemithendeleko okanye izifo.
Ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kwakukhe kwayinto etyiwayo kwitafile yabantu abaqhelekileyo. Phantse nakuphi na ukutya kunokonkxwa. Kuthiwa ukukhethwa kokutya okusemathinini kuyahlukahluka, okunokwenza abantu bazive ubutyebi besidlo saseManchurian esipheleleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukujonga kwakho ukutya okusemathinini kusekho kwinqanaba leziqhamo, imifuno, intlanzi kunye nenyama epakishwe kwiitoti okanye iibhotile zeglasi, inokuba "iphelelwe lixesha".
"Umgangatho woKhuseleko lokuTya kuZwelonke wokuTya okuNkonkxa" uchaza ngokucacileyo ukutya okusemathinini njengokutya okungekho mgangathweni owenziwe kwiziqhamo, imifuno, iifungi ezidliwayo, imfuyo kunye nenyama yenkukhu, izilwanyana zasemanzini, njl. ukuvala ubushushu kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ukutya okusemathinini okuneebhaktheriya.
UNjingalwazi uWu Xiaomeng ophuma kwiSikolo seSayensi yoKutya kunye nobuNjineli beZondlo kwiYunivesithi yezoLimo yaseChina wachaza kudliwano-ndlebe nentatheli evela eTshayina Iindaba zabathengi ukuba intsingiselo yokutya okunkonkxiweyo kukuqala ukutywinwa, kwaye okwesibini kukuphumeza ubunyumba borhwebo. Ipakethe eyisebenzisayo inokuba yipakethe eqinile emele iitoti zentsimbi zemveli okanye iitoti zeglasi, okanye ukupakishwa okuguquguqukayo okufana neengxowa zefoyile ye-aluminium kunye neengxowa zokupheka ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ezibizwa ngokuba kukutya okuthambileyo okunkonkxiweyo. Umzekelo, iibhegi zemifuno kwiibhegi zefoyile ye-aluminium kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya ezizifudumezayo, okanye iibhegi ezilungiselelwe ubushushu obuqhelekileyo obufana nezilayi zehagu ezinencasa yeSichuan kunye neeshreds zehagu ezinencasa yentlanzi, zonke ziyinxalenye yokutya okunkonkxiweyo.
Malunga nowama-2000, njengelona candelo lokuqala lemveliso kushishino lokutya, ukutya okunkonkxiweyo ngokuthe ngcembe kwaphawulwa ngokuthi “akunampilo”.
Ngo-2003, uluhlu lwe "Top Ten Junk Foods Published by WHO" (ukutya okusemathinini kudweliswe) kwakubhekwa ngokubanzi njenge-fuse yokubanda kokutya okusemathinini ebantwini. Nangona olu luhlu luxokisiwe ngokupheleleyo, ukutya okusemathinini, ngokukodwa "ukutya okusemathinini okunzima" okuqhelekileyo (okupakishwe ngesinyithi okanye iingqayi zeglasi), kubonakala kunzima ukuvula igama eliyimfihlo labantu baseTshayina.
Idatha ibonisa ukuba nangona imveliso yokutya enkonkxiweyo yelizwe lam iqala kwihlabathi, ukusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye kokutya okusemathinini kungaphantsi kweekhilogram ezi-8, kwaye abantu abaninzi badla ngaphantsi kweebhokisi ezimbini ngonyaka.
Ukutya ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kumalunga nokulingana nokutya izigcina-tyala? Olu vavanyo luncinci lubonisa ukuba i-69.68% yabaphenduli abafane bathenge ukutya okunkonkxiweyo, kwaye i-21.72% yabaphenduli bathenga kuphela ngamaxesha athile. Ngelo xesha, nangona i-57.92% yabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini kulula ukugcinwa kwaye kukulungele ukugcinwa ekhaya, i-32.58% yabaphenduli basakholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini kunobomi obude beshelufu kwaye kufuneka kube nezinto ezininzi zokukhusela.
Enyanisweni, ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kukunye kokutya okumbalwa okungafuniyo okanye izigcini ezincinci.
"Umgangatho weSizwe woKhuseleko lokuTya ekuSetyenzisweni kweZongezo zokutya" uchaza ukuba ngaphezu kwe-bayberry ekhonkxiweyo (i-propionic acid kunye neetyuwa zayo ze-sodium kunye ne-calcium zivumelekile ukuba zongezwe, ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwe-50 g / kg), amahlumela e-bamboo e-canned, i-sauerkraut, i-fungi edliwayo kunye namantongomane (avunyelwe ukongeza i-Sulfur dioxide, ubuninzi bokusetyenziswa kwe-0.5 g / kg), inyama esemathinini (i-nitrite ivumelekile, isixa esikhulu sokusetyenziswa yi-0.15 g / kg), ezi ntlobo ze-6 zokutya okusemathinini zifuna kakhulu. iidosi eziphantsi zokukhusela ukujongana ne-microorganisms ezithile, kwaye ezinye azikwazi ukufakwa. isilondolozi.
Ngoko ke, yintoni “iminyaka engumkhenkce” yokutya okunkonkxiweyo ehlala igcinwa unyaka omnye ukuya kwemi-3 okanye nangaphezulu kwiqondo lobushushu legumbi?
UWu Xiaomeng uxelele intatheli ye "China Consumer News" ukuba ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kukhuselwe ngeendlela ezimbini zobuchwephesha bokuvala inzala kunye nokugcinwa okutywiniweyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukonakaliswa kokutya kuchatshazelwa yi-microorganisms efana neebhaktheriya kunye nokubumba. Ukucubungula ukutya okusemathinini ngeendlela zokuvala inzala ezifana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunokubangela ukuba inani elikhulu lezi microorganisms zife. Ngelo xesha, iinkqubo ezifana nokukhupha kunye nokutywinwa kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kokutya. Isiqulatho seoksijini esikwisikhongozelo sidodobalisa ukukhula kwezinye iintsholongwane ezinokuthi zibekho kwisikhongozeli, kwaye sivalela ukudlula kweoksijini okanye iintsholongwane ezingaphandle kwesikhongozeli zingena kwisikhongozeli, ziqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokulungisa ukutya, itekhnoloji entsha efana nokulawulwa kwe-atmosphere kunye nokuvalwa kwe-microwave inexesha elifutshane lokufudumeza, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nokuvalwa okusebenzayo ngakumbi.
Ngoko ke, akuyomfuneko ukuba ukhathazeke malunga nezigcini ezininzi kwiimveliso ezinkonkxiweyo. "Inzululwazi edumileyo" kwi-Intanethi ethi "ukutya ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kuphantse kulingane nokutya izithinteli" kuyingozi ngokupheleleyo.
Ngaba ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kudala kwaye kunesondlo?
Uphando lufumene ukuba ukongeza ekukhathazekeni malunga nezithinteli, i-24.43% yabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini kwakungekho kutsha. Phakathi kwabaphenduli abangaphezu kwe-150 "abafane bathenge" kwaye "bangaze bathenge" ukutya okusemathinini, i-77.62% yabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuba ukutya okusemathinini akukutsha.
Nangona abanye abathengi sele beqalisile ukucinga ngokukhetha ukutya okunkonkxiweyo ekulula ukukugcina ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuthintela ubhubhane kunye nolawulo kunye nokugcinwa kwempahla ekhaya, oku akuzange kuyitshintshe indlela abantu abajonga ngayo “ukonakala” kwako.
Ngapha koko, ukuvela kwetekhnoloji yokwenziwa kwetoti ngokwayo kukugcina ukutya kusitsha.
UWu Xiaomeng uchaze ukuba ukutya okunje ngenyama kunye nentlanzi kuya konakala ngokukhawuleza ukuba akulungiswanga kwangethuba. Ukuba imifuno kunye neziqhamo azicutshungulwa kwangethuba emva kokuvunwa, izondlo ziya kuqhubeka zilahleka. Ke ngoko, ezinye iibhrendi ezinonikezelo olupheleleyo ngokwentelekiso ngokubanzi zikhetha ixesha eliqolileyo kunye nemveliso enkulu yezithako kwaye zizenze zintsha, kwaye yonke inkqubo yokukhetha kunye nenkqubo yokucubungula ithatha iiyure ezingaphantsi kwe-10. Akukho lahleko yezondlo kunendlela izithako ezitsha eziyithathayo ekuvuneni, ekuthuthweni, ekuthengisweni, emva koko ukuya kwisikhenkcisi somthengi.
Ewe kunjalo, ezinye iivithamini ezinokunyamezela ukushisa okuphantsi zilahlekelwa bubushushu bazo ngexesha lokunkonkxa, kodwa uninzi lwezondlo luyagcinwa. Le lahleko nayo ayikho ngaphezu kokulahlekelwa izondlo ezivela kwimifuno ephekwe mihla le ekhaya.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukutya okusemathinini kunokuba luncedo ekugcineni iivithamini. Ngokomzekelo, iitumato ezinkonkxiweyo, nangona zicociwe, uninzi lwevithamin C lusekho xa ziphuma kumzi-mveliso, yaye azinzanga. Omnye umzekelo yintlanzi enkonkxiweyo. Emva kokushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kungekhona nje inyama kunye namathambo eentlanzi ezithambileyo, kodwa kunye nenani elikhulu le-calcium liyachithwa. Umxholo we-calcium webhokisi yeentlanzi ezinkonkxiweyo zinokuba ngamaxesha angama-10 aphezulu kuneentlanzi ezintsha ezinobunzima obufanayo. Intsimbi, i-zinc, iodine, i-selenium kunye nezinye iiminerali kwiintlanzi aziyi kulahleka.
Kutheni kungenakutyeba ukutya okunkonkxiweyo
Kwiimeko ezininzi, kucetyiswa ukuba abathengi baye kudederhu lweevenkile ezinkulu okanye iivenkile ezinkulu ukuze bathenge iimveliso ezivela kubavelisi abaqhelekileyo, kwaye bagwebe umgangatho wokutya okunkonkxiweyo kwimiba yenkangeleko, ukupakishwa, umgangatho weemvakalelo, ukuleyibheli kunye nophawu.
UWu Xiaomeng ukhumbuze ukuba iinkonkxa zeetoti zetsimbi eziqhelekileyo kufuneka zibe nemilo epheleleyo, kungabikho deformation, akukho monakalo, kungabikho mabala erusi, kunye nesigqubuthelo esisezantsi kufuneka sibe concave ngaphakathi; Umbindi wesigqubuthelo sentsimbi yeetoti zeebhotile zeglasi kufuneka ucinezeleke kancinci, kwaye umxholo kufuneka ujongwe ngomzimba webhotile. Ubume kufuneka buphelele, isobho sicacile, kwaye akukho kungcola.
Isikhumbuzo esikhethekileyo kukuba ukuba uhlangabezana nale miqathango ilandelayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ulinga kangakanani umxholo we-can, ungayidli.
Omnye ukhonkxiwe "ukuphulaphula amafutha", oko kukuthi, itanki yokwandisa. Esona sizathu siphambili sokwandiswa kwetoti kukuba ngaphakathi kwetoti ingcolisekile yi-microorganisms kwaye ivelise igesi. Ezi gesi ziqokelelana ukuya kuthi ga kumlinganiselo othile, nto leyo eya kubangela ukuguqulwa kwetoti. Ngoko ke, ukutya okusemathinini "kukufumana ubunzima", iflegi ebomvu ecacileyo kakhulu ukuba ihambe kakubi.
Okwesibini, ukupakishwa okusemathinini kuyavuza kwaye kunobumba. Kwinkqubo yokugcinwa kunye nokuthuthwa kweemveliso ezisemathinini, ngenxa yokuqhuma kunye nezinye izizathu, ukupakishwa kwemveliso kuya kuphazamiseka, kunye nokuvuza komoya kwisitywina se-lid. Ukuvuza komoya kubangela ukuba iimveliso ezikwinkonkxa zidibane nehlabathi langaphandle, kwaye ii-microorganisms zinokusebenzisa ithuba lokungena.
Uphando lufumene ukuba i-93.21% yabaphenduli babe nokukhetha okulungileyo koku. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-7% yabaphenduli bakholelwa ukuba ama-bumps abangelwa ngexesha lokuthutha ayengekho ingxaki enkulu, kwaye bakhetha ukuthenga nokutya.
UWu Xiaomeng ukhumbuze ukuba uninzi lwenyama enkonkxiweyo kunye neziqhamo kunye nemifuno azinzima kakhulu, kwaye kuyacetyiswa ukuba uzitye ngexesha elinye emva kokuvulwa. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyigqiba, kufuneka uyigalele kwi-enamel, i-ceramic okanye isitya sokutya seplastiki, uvale ngeplastiki, uyigcine efrijini, kwaye uyitye ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokuphathelele isosi yeswekile enkonkxiweyo kunye nejam, umxholo weswekile ngokuqhelekileyo u-40% -65%. Ngokwentelekiso, akulula ukuwohloka emva kokuvulwa, kodwa akufuneki kube kukungakhathali. Ukuba awukwazi ukuyitya yonke ngexesha elinye, kufuneka uyigqume loo ngqayi, okanye uyigalele kwesinye isitya uze uyivale ngeplastiki, emva koko uyigcine efrijini, uzame ukuyitya zingaphelanga iintsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ekwindla nasebusika, inokugcinwa iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Unxulumano oluNxulumeneyo: I-Aseptic yoRhwebo
Ukutya okunkonkxiweyo akunyumba kwaphela, kodwa akunazintsholongwane ngokwentengiso. I-Sterility yezoRhwebo ibhekisela kwimeko apho ukutya okusemathinini, emva kokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obuphakathi, akuqukethe i-microorganisms ye-pathogenic, kwaye ayinayo i-non-pathogenic microorganisms ezinokuphindaphinda kuyo kumaqondo okushisa aqhelekileyo. Kwimeko yorhwebo ye-aseptic, ukutya okusemathinini kunokuqinisekiswa ukuba kukhuselekile ukusetyenziswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-04-2023