Ukungazali kokutya okusemathinini kubhekiselele kwimeko engenazintsholongwane apho kungekho zintsholongwane ezibangela izifo kunye neentsholongwane ezingezizo ezibangela izifo ezinokuzala kukutya okusemathinini emva kokuba ukutya okusemathinini kufumene unyango oluphakathi lokubulala iintsholongwane, yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneka yenziwe ukuze ukutya okusemathinini kufumane ubomi obude bokugcina ukutya kuxhomekeke ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho wokutya. Ukungazali kokutya okusemathinini kuvavanyo lwe-microbiological yokutya kuphawulwa kukungazali, ukungabikho kwezinambuzane ezibangela izifo, kunye nokungabikho kwezinambuzane ezinokuzala kwiitini kubushushu begumbi.
Ukuze kufezekiswe imigangatho eyamkelekileyo yokucoca ukutya okusemathinini, inkqubo yokuvelisa ukutya okusemathinini idla ngokuquka iinkqubo ezifana nokulungiswa kwangaphambili kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukugalelwa kwiinkonkxa, ukutywinwa, ukucoca ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokupakishwa. Abavelisi abanetekhnoloji yokuvelisa ephucukileyo kunye neemfuno zolawulo oluphezulu baneenkqubo zokuvelisa ezintsonkothileyo nezigqibeleleyo.
Itekhnoloji yokuhlola ukungabi nazintsholongwane kwiinkonkxa zorhwebo ekuhlolweni kweentsholongwane zokutya igqityiwe, kwaye uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yayo ethile lunceda ekusetyenzisweni ngcono kwale teknoloji kwimisebenzi ebonakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kokutya okusemathinini. Inkqubo ethile yokuhlola ukungabi nazintsholongwane kwiinkonkxa zorhwebo ekuhlolweni kweentsholongwane zokutya yile ilandelayo (ezinye iiarhente zokuhlola ezingqongqo zamaqela esithathu zinokuba nezinto ezininzi zokuhlola):
1. Inkcubeko yebhaktiriya efakwe ebhotileni
Ukukhula kweentsholongwane ezisemathinini yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ekuhlolweni kokuthengiswa kokutya okusemathinini. Ngokukhulisa ngobuchule umxholo weesampuli ezisemathinini, kunye nokuhlola nokujonga iikholoni zeentsholongwane ezikhuliswe emathinini, izinto ezincinci ezikukutya okusemathinini zinokuvavanywa.
Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ezibangela izifo kwiitini ziquka kodwa azipheleli nje kwiintsholongwane eziphila ixesha elide, ezifana neBacillus stearothermophilus, iBacillus coagulans, iClostridium saccharolyticus, iClostridium niger, njl.njl.; iintsholongwane ze-mesophilic anaerobic, ezifana ne-botulinum toxin Clostridium, iClostridium spoilage, iClostridium butyricum, iClostridium pasteurinum, njl.njl.; iintsholongwane ze-Mesophilic aerobic, ezifana neBacillus subtilis, iBacillus cereus, njl.njl.; Iintsholongwane ezingezizo iintsholongwane ezifana ne-Escherichia coli, iStreptococcus, i-yeast And mold, i-mold engangeni bushushu njl.njl. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze inkcubeko yeentsholongwane ezikwitini, qiniseka ukuba ulinganisa i-pH yetini ukuze ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo.
2. Ukusampula izixhobo zovavanyo
Indlela yokuvavanya isetyenziselwa ukusampula izixhobo zovavanyo zokutya okusemathinini. Xa kuvavanywa iibhetshi ezinkulu zokutya okusemathinini, ukusampula kwenziwa ngokwezinto ezifana nomenzi, uphawu lwentengiso, uhlobo, umthombo wokutya okusemathinini okanye ixesha lokuvelisa. Kwiibhetshi ezingaqhelekanga ezifana neebhetshi ezigqwalileyo, iibhetshi ezicoliweyo, ukuqhekeka, kunye nokudumba ekujikelezeni kwabathengisi nakwiindawo zokugcina impahla, ukusampula okuthile kwenziwa ngokwemeko. Yimfuneko esisiseko yokuba ukusampula izixhobo zovavanyo kukhethe indlela efanelekileyo yokusampula ngokwemeko yokwenyani, ukuze kufunyanwe izixhobo zovavanyo ezibonisa umgangatho wokutya okusemathinini.
3. Isampuli egciniweyo
Ngaphambi kokugcinwa kwesampuli, kufuneka imisebenzi efana nokulinganisa, ukugcina ubushushu, kunye nokuvula iitini. Linganisa ubunzima obupheleleyo betini ngokwahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetini, kufuneka ichaneke ukuya kwi-1g okanye kwi-2g. Xa idibene ne-pH kunye nobushushu, iitini zigcinwa kubushushu obungaguqukiyo iintsuku ezili-10; iitini ezinamafutha okanye ezivuzayo ngexesha lenkqubo kufuneka zikhethwe ngoko nangoko ukuze zihlolwe. Emva kokuba inkqubo yokugcina ubushushu iphelile, beka itini kubushushu begumbi ukuze ivuleke i-aseptic. Emva kokuvula itini, sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukuthatha i-10-20 mg yomxholo kwangaphambili kwimeko engcolileyo, uyithumele kwisitya esicociweyo, kwaye uyigcine efrijini.
4.Inkcubeko yokutya okune-asidi ephantsi
Ukulinywa kokutya okune-asidi ephantsi kufuna iindlela ezikhethekileyo: ukulinywa komhluzi we-bromposium purple kwi-36 °C, ukulinywa komhluzi we-bromposium purple kwi-55 °C, kunye nokulinywa kwenyama ephekiweyo kwi-36 °C. Iziphumo ziyangcoliswa kwaye zidaywe, kwaye uhlolo oluchanekileyo lucwangciswa emva kovavanyo lwe-microscope, ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka okuchanekileyo kovavanyo lokuchonga iintlobo zebhaktheriya kukutya okune-asidi ephantsi. Xa ukhulisa ukutya okuphakathi, gxila ekujongeni imveliso ye-asidi kunye nemveliso yegesi yeekoloni ze-microbial kwi-medium, kunye nembonakalo kunye nombala weekoloni, ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo oluthile lwe-microbial ekutyeni.
5. Uvavanyo lweMicroskopu
Uvavanyo lwe-microscopic smear yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yokuvavanya ukungabi nantsholongwane kwezorhwebo, nto leyo efuna ukuba abahloli bomgangatho abanamava bayigqibe. Kwindawo engenantsholongwane, usebenzisa i-aseptic operation, gcoba ulwelo lwebhaktiriya lwee-microorganisms ezikwiisampulu ze-can ezikhuliswe kubushushu obungaguqukiyo kwindawo, kwaye ujonge ukubonakala kwebhaktiriya phantsi kwe-microscope enamandla aphezulu, ukuze kuchongwe iintlobo ze-microorganisms kulwelo lwebhaktiriya. Ukuhlola, kunye nokulungiselela inyathelo elilandelayo lokukhulisa nokuchonga ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi uhlobo lwebhaktiriya ezikwi-can. Eli nyathelo lifuna umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wobungcali wabahloli, kwaye likwalikhonkco elinokuvavanya ngcono ulwazi lobungcali kunye nezakhono zabahloli.
6. Uvavanyo lokulima ukutya okune-asidi ene-pH engaphantsi kwe-4.6
Kwizinto zokutya ezine-asidi enexabiso le-pH elingaphantsi kwe-4.6, uvavanyo lweebhaktheriya ezinobungozi bokutya alusafuneki. Kwinkqubo ethile yokulima, ukongeza ekusebenziseni izinto zomhluzi we-asidi njengesixhobo, kukwafuneka nokusebenzisa umhluzi we-malt extract njengesixhobo sokulima. Ngokucofa kunye nokuhlolwa ngemicroscope kweekoloni zebhaktheriya ezikhuliswe, iintlobo zeebhaktheriya ezikwiithini ze-asidi zinokumiselwa, ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo oluchanekileyo nolunyanisekileyo lokhuseleko lokutya kweetini ze-asidi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-10-2022