Ubunzulu borhwebo bokutya okunkonkxiweyo bubhekisa kwimeko engcakacileyo apho kungekho zintsholongwane ze-pathogenic kunye ne-non-pathogenic microorganisms ezinokuphinda zivelise ukutya okunkonkxiweyo emva kokuba ukutya okunkonkxiweyo kuye kwanyangwa ubushushu obuphakathi, yimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokutya okunkonkxiweyo ukufikelela. ubomi beshelufu obude ngokwesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nomgangatho. I-sterility yentengiso yokutya okusemathinini kuvavanyo lwe-microbiological yokutya ibonakaliswe ngobunyumba obuhambelanayo, akukho microorganisms ze-pathogenic, kwaye akukho microorganisms ezinokuphindaphinda kwiitoti kwiqondo lokushisa.
Ukuze kuphunyezwe imigangatho eyamkelekileyo yokungabi nazintsholongwane kwezorhwebo, inkqubo yokuvelisa ukutya okunkonkxiweyo ibandakanya iinkqubo ezinje ngokucocwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, ukunkonkxa, ukutywina, ukuvala inzala ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokupakishwa. Abavelisi abanobuchwephesha bemveliso obuphezulu kunye neemfuno zolawulo lomgangatho ophezulu baneenkqubo zokuvelisa ezintsonkothileyo nezigqibeleleyo.
Itekhnoloji yorhwebo yokuhlola inzala enkonkxiweyo ekuhlolweni kwe-microbiological yokutya sele iphelele, kwaye uhlalutyo lwenkqubo yayo ethile luncedo ekusetyenzisweni ngcono kobu buchwepheshe kwimisebenzi ebonakalayo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya lokutya okunkonkxiweyo. Inkqubo ethile yokuhlola ubuchule borhwebo olunkonkxiweyo kuhlolo lwebhayoloji yezilwanyana ingolu hlobo lulandelayo (ezinye ii-arhente zokuhlola ezingqongqo zomntu wesithathu zinokuba nezinto ezininzi zokuhlola):
1. Inkcubeko yebhaktheriya enkonkxiweyo
Inkcubeko yebhaktiriya enkonkxiweyo yenye yeenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ekuhloleni ubunyumba borhwebo lokutya okusemathinini. Ngokuhlakulela ngobuchwephesha imixholo yeesampulu ezinkonkxiweyo, kunye nokuhlola kunye nokujonga iikholoni zebhaktiriya ezikhuliswe, iinxalenye zemicrobial ekutyeni okunkonkxiweyo zinokuvavanywa.
Iintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo ze-pathogenic kwiitoti ziquka kodwa azikhawulelwanga kwiibhaktheriya ze-thermophilic, ezifana ne-Bacillus stearothermophilus, i-Bacillus coagulans, i-Clostridium saccharolyticus, i-Clostridium niger, njl.; iibhaktheriya ze-anaerobic ze-mesophilic, njenge-toxin ye-botulinum i-Clostridium, i-Clostridium spoilage, i-Clostridium butyricum, i-Clostridium pasteurianum, njl.; Iibhaktheriya ze-Mesophilic aerobic, ezifana ne-Bacillus subtilis, i-Bacillus cereus, njl.; Iibhaktheriya ezingavelisi i-spore ezifana ne-Escherichia coli, i-Streptococcus, i-yeast kunye nokungunda, i-mold-resistant-resistant mold njalo njalo. Ngaphambi kokuba wenze inkcubeko yebhaktiriya enkonkxiweyo, qiniseka ukuba ulinganisa i-pH yetoti ukuze ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo.
2. Isampuli yemathiriyeli yovavanyo
Indlela yokuthatha iisampulu isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukwenza isampulu yemathiriyeli yovavanyo yokutya okunkonkxiweyo. Xa uvavanya iibhetshi ezinkulu zokutya okunkonkxiweyo, isampulu idla ngokuqhutywa ngokwezinto ezinje ngomvelisi, uphawu lokuthengisa, iindidi, umthombo wokutya okunkonkxiweyo okanye ixesha lokuvelisa. Kwiitoti ezingaqhelekanga ezinje ngeetoti ezirulileyo, iinkonkxa ezivuthululweyo, izibonda, kunye nokudumba kujikelezo lwabarhwebi kunye neendawo zokugcina iimpahla, iisampulu ezithile zihlala ziqhutywa ngokwemeko. Yimfuno esisiseko yesampulu yemathiriyeli yovavanyo ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yesampulu ngokwemeko eyiyo, ukuze ufumane imathiriyeli yovavanyo ebonisa umgangatho wokutya okunkonkxiweyo.
3. Gcina isampuli
Ngaphambi kokugcinwa kwesampulu, imisebenzi enjengokukala, ukugcina ubushushu, kunye nokuvula iitoti ziyafuneka. Ukulinganisa ubunzima bomnatha wetoti ngokwahlukileyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwetoti, kufuneka ichaneke ukuya kwi-1g okanye i-2g. Ukudibanisa ne-pH kunye neqondo lokushisa, iitoti zigcinwa kwiqondo lokushisa rhoqo iintsuku ezili-10; iitoti ezityebileyo okanye ezivuzayo ngexesha lenkqubo kufuneka zichongwe ngoko nangoko ukuze zihlolwe. Emva kokuba inkqubo yokugcina ubushushu iphelile, beka inkonkxa kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi lokuvula i-aseptic. Emva kokuvula i-can, sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukuthatha i-10-20 mg yomxholo kwangaphambili kwimeko engcolileyo, uyidlulisele kwisitya esingenazintsholongwane, kwaye uyigcine efrijini.
4.Inkcubeko yokutya ye-asidi ephantsi
Ukulinywa kokutya okune-asidi ephantsi kufuna iindlela ezikhethekileyo: ukulinywa komhluzi omfusa we-brompotassium kwi-36 °C, ukulima umhluzi we-brompotassium omfusa kwi-55 °C, kunye nokulinywa kwenyama ephekiweyo kwi-36 °C. Iziphumo ziyathanjiswa kwaye zingcoliswe, kwaye uvavanyo oluchane ngakumbi lucwangciswa emva kovavanyo lwe-microscopic, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuchaneka kwenjongo yovavanyo lokuchongwa kweentlobo zebhaktiriya ekutyeni okuneasidi ephantsi. Xa uhlakula phakathi, gxininisa ekujongeni ukuveliswa kwe-asidi kunye nokuveliswa kwegesi ye-microbial colonies kwi-medium, kunye nokubonakala kunye nombala weekholoni, ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe iintlobo ezithile ze-microbial ekudleni.
5. Uviwo lweMicroscopic
Uvavanyo lwe-Microscopic smear yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswayo yokuhlola ubuchule borhwebo obunkonkxiweyo, efuna abahloli abanamava ukuba bagqibezele. Kwindawo engcolileyo, usebenzisa i-aseptic operation, thambisa ulwelo lwebhaktheriya yemicroorganisms equlethwe kwiisampulu ezinkonkxiweyo ezikhuliswe kwiqondo lobushushu eliqhubekayo phakathi, kwaye ujonge ukubonakala kweebhaktheriya phantsi kwe-microscope enamandla amakhulu, ukuze misela iindidi ze-microorganisms kulwelo lwebhaktheriya. Ukuhlola, kwaye ulungiselele inyathelo elilandelayo lenkcubeko esulungekileyo kunye nokuchonga ukuze uqinisekise ngakumbi uhlobo lwebhaktheriya equlethwe kwitoti. Eli nyathelo lifuna umgangatho wobuchwephesha ophakamileyo kakhulu wabahloli, kwaye sele likhonkco elinokuvavanya ngcono ulwazi lobuchwephesha kunye nezakhono zabahloli.
6. Uvavanyo lokulima ukutya okuneasidi ene-pH engaphantsi kwe-4.6
Ukutya okuneasidi enexabiso le-pH elingaphantsi kwe-4.6, uvavanyo lwebhaktheriya enetyhefu ekutyeni alusafuneki. Kwinkqubo ethile yokulima, ukongeza ekusebenziseni umhluzi we-acidic njengento ephakathi, kuyafuneka ukuba kusetyenziswe umhluzi we-malt extract njengendlela yokulima. Ngokuthambisa kunye novavanyo lwe-microscopic yeekholoni zebhaktiriya ezikhuliswe, iintlobo zebhaktheriya kwiitoti ze-asidi zinokumiselwa, ukuze kuqhutyekwe nokwenziwa uvandlakanyo olunenjongo ngakumbi kunye nolwenyani lokhuseleko lokutya lweetoti zeasidi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-10-2022