Njengoko wonke umntu esazi, i-sterilizer sisitya soxinzelelo esivaliweyo, esidla ngokwenziwa ngentsimbi engagqwaliyo okanye intsimbi yekhabhoni. E-China, kukho malunga nezigidi ezingama-2.3 zeenqanawa zoxinzelelo ezisebenzayo, phakathi kwazo kukho ukugqwala kwesinyithi okubonakalayo, okuye kwaba ngumqobo ophambili kunye nendlela yokungaphumeleli echaphazela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kweenqanawa zoxinzelelo. Njengohlobo lwesitya soxinzelelo, ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-sterilizer akunakutyeshelwa. Ngenxa yento enzima yokugqwala kunye nendlela yokusebenza, iifom kunye neempawu zokugqwala kwesinyithi zahlukile phantsi kwempembelelo yezinto, izinto ezingqongileyo kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo. Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge kwiimeko ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zokugqwala kwesitya soxinzelelo:
1. Ukugqwala okubanzi (okwaziwa ngokuba yi-uniform corrosion), nto leyo ebangelwa kukugqwala kweekhemikhali okanye ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical, i-corrosive medium inokufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zomphezulu wesinyithi ngokulinganayo, ukuze ukwakheka kwesinyithi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kube ziimeko ezifanayo, umphezulu wesinyithi wonke ugqwala ngesantya esifanayo. Kwizitya zoxinzelelo lwentsimbi engagqwaliyo, kwindawo egqwalisiweyo enexabiso eliphantsi le-PH, ifilimu yokugqwala inokulahlekelwa sisiphumo sayo sokukhusela ngenxa yokunyibilika, kwaye emva koko kwenzeka ukugqwala okubanzi. Nokuba kukugqwala okubanzi okubangelwa kukugqwala kweekhemikhali okanye ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical, uphawu oluqhelekileyo kukuba kunzima ukwenza ifilimu yokugqwala ekhuselayo kumphezulu wezinto ngexesha lenkqubo yokugqwala, kwaye iimveliso zokugqwala zinokunyibilika kwi-medium, okanye zenze i-oxide ekhululekileyo enemingxuma, eqinisa inkqubo yokugqwala. Umonakalo wokugqwala okubanzi awunakuthathelwa ingqalelo: okokuqala, kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni indawo yoxinzelelo lwento ethwala isitya soxinzelelo, enokubangela ukuvuza kokugqobhoka, okanye ukuqhekeka okanye ukukrazuka ngenxa yamandla angonelanga; Okwesibini, kwinkqubo yokugqwala okubanzi kwe-electrochemical, i-H+ reduction reaction idla ngokuhamba nayo, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba izinto zizaliswe yi-hydrogen, ize ikhokelele kwi-hydrogen embrittle kunye nezinye iingxaki, nto leyo ekwangunobangela wokuba izixhobo zisuswe i-hydrogen ngexesha lokugcinwa kwe-welding.
2. Ukugrumba yimeko yokugrumba kwendawo eqala kumphezulu wesinyithi ize ikhule ngaphakathi ukuze yenze umngxuma omncinci omile njengomngxuma. Kwindawo ethile yokusingqongileyo, emva kwexesha elithile, imingxunya okanye ukugrumba nganye nganye kunokubonakala kumphezulu wesinyithi, kwaye le mingxunya igrumba iya kuqhubeka ikhula ukuya kubunzulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona ukulahleka kobunzima bokuqala besinyithi kunokuba kuncinci, ngenxa yesantya esikhawulezayo sokugrumba kwendawo, izixhobo kunye neendonga zepayipi zihlala zigqobhoka, nto leyo ebangela iingozi ezingalindelekanga. Kunzima ukuhlola ukugrumba kwemigodi kuba umngxuma wokugrumba mncinci ngobukhulu kwaye uhlala ugqunywe ziimveliso zokugrumba, ngoko ke kunzima ukulinganisa nokuthelekisa inqanaba lokugrumba ngokwenani. Ke ngoko, ukugrumba kwemigodi kunokuthathwa njengenye yeendlela zokugrumba ezitshabalalisayo nezingabonakaliyo.
3. Ukubola phakathi kwegranular yinto yokubola yasekuhlaleni eyenzeka ecaleni okanye kufutshane nomda weenkozo, ikakhulu ngenxa yomahluko phakathi komphezulu weenkozo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zangaphakathi, kunye nokubakho kokungcola komda weenkozo okanye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Nangona ukubola phakathi kwegranular kusenokungabonakali kwinqanaba le-macro, xa sele kusenzeka, amandla ezinto alahleka phantse ngoko nangoko, okuhlala kukhokelela ekungasebenzini ngequbuliso kwezixhobo ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ukubola phakathi kwegranular kuguqulwa ngokulula kube kukuqhekeka phakathi kwegranular stress corrosion, okuba ngumthombo wokuqhekeka kokuqhekeka koxinzelelo.
4. Ukubola kwesithuba yinto yokubola eyenzeka kwindawo encinci (ububanzi buhlala buphakathi kwe-0.02-0.1mm) eyenziwe kumphezulu wesinyithi ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle okanye izizathu zesakhiwo. Ezi ndawo kufuneka zibe ncinci ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ulwelo ukuba lungene kwaye lume, ngaloo ndlela lubonelela ngeemeko zokuba indawo ibole. Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, amalungu e-flange, iindawo zokuxinana kweenati, amalungu e-lap, imithungo ye-weld engadityaniswanga, imifantu, ii-slag zomphezulu, i-welding slag engacocwanga kwaye ibekwe kumphezulu wesinyithi wesikali, ukungcola, njl.njl., zinokuba ziindawo ezivulekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukubola kwesithuba. Olu hlobo lokubola kwendawo luqhelekile kwaye luyonakalisa kakhulu, kwaye lunokonakalisa ukuthembeka konxibelelwano loomatshini kunye nokuqina kwezixhobo, okukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwezixhobo nakwiingozi ezitshabalalisayo. Ke ngoko, ukuthintela nokulawula ukubola kwe-crevice kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka ukugcinwa kunye nokucoca izixhobo rhoqo.
5. Ukubola koxinzelelo kubangelwa yi-49% yeentlobo zokubola zizonke kuzo zonke izikhongozeli, nto leyo ebonakaliswa yimpembelelo yokusebenzisana koxinzelelo olubhekiselele kwicala kunye nendawo ebolayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni okuqhekekayo. Olu hlobo lokuqhekeka lunokukhula kungekuphela nje kumda weenkozo, kodwa nangaphakathi kweenkozo ngokwazo. Ngophuhliso olunzulu lweenkozo ngaphakathi kwesinyithi, luya kukhokelela ekwehleni okukhulu kwamandla esakhiwo sesinyithi, kwaye lude lwenze nezixhobo zesinyithi zonakale ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Ke ngoko, ukuqhekeka okubangelwa kukuqhekeka koxinzelelo (SCC) kuneempawu zokutshabalalisa ngequbuliso nangokunamandla, xa ukuqhekeka kwenziwe, izinga lokukhula kwalo likhawuleza kakhulu kwaye akukho silumkiso sibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokusilela, oluluhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lokusilela kwezixhobo.
6. Isiganeko sokugqibela sokugqwala kukugqwala kokudinwa, okubhekiselele kwinkqubo yokonakala kancinci kancinci kumphezulu wezinto de kuqhekeke phantsi kwesenzo esidibeneyo soxinzelelo olutshintshanayo kunye nendawo egqwalisayo. Isiphumo esidibeneyo sokugqwala kunye noxinzelelo lokutshintshana kwezinto senza ixesha lokuqalisa kunye namaxesha omjikelo wokuqhekeka kokudinwa afinyeze ngokucacileyo, kwaye isantya sokusasazeka kokuqhekeka siyanda, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umda wokudinwa kwezinto zesinyithi unciphe kakhulu. Le meko ayikhawulezisi nje kuphela ukusilela kokuqala kwento yoxinzelelo lwezixhobo, kodwa ikwayenza ubomi benkonzo yesitya soxinzelelo esiyilwe ngokwemigangatho yokudinwa bube phantsi kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ukuze kuthintelwe iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zokugqwala ezifana nokugqwala kokudinwa kwemithambo yoxinzelelo yentsimbi engagqwali, kufuneka kuthathwe la manyathelo alandelayo: rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukucoca ngokupheleleyo ingaphakathi letanki yokubulala iintsholongwane, itanki yamanzi ashushu kunye nezinye izixhobo; Ukuba ubunzima bamanzi buphezulu kwaye izixhobo zisetyenziswa ngaphezulu kweeyure ezi-8 ngosuku, zicocwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-3.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-19-2024