Njengoko wonke umntu uyazi, i-sterilizer yinqanawa yoxinzelelo oluvaliweyo, ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe ngensimbi engenasici okanye i-carbon steel. E-China, kukho malunga ne-2.3 yezigidi zeenqanawa zoxinzelelo kwinkonzo, phakathi kwayo i-corrosion yensimbi ivelele ngokukodwa, eye yaba ngumqobo oyintloko kunye nemodi yokungaphumeleli echaphazela ukusebenza kwexesha elide elizinzileyo leenqanawa zoxinzelelo. Njengohlobo lwenqanawa yoxinzelelo, ukuveliswa, ukusetyenziswa, ukugcinwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwesibulala-ntsholongwane akunakungahoywa. Ngenxa ye-corrosion ye-corrosion phenomenon kunye ne-mechanism, iifom kunye neempawu ze-corrosion yensimbi zihluke phantsi kwefuthe lezinto eziphathekayo, izinto zokusingqongileyo kunye namazwe oxinzelelo. Okulandelayo, makhe sijonge kwizinto ezininzi eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo lwe-corrosion phenomena:
I-1. I-Corrosion Comprehensive (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-uniform corrosion), nto leyo ebangelwa yi-corrosion yekhemikhali okanye i-electrochemical corrosion, i-corrosion medium inokufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zomphezulu wesinyithi ngokulinganayo, ukwenzela ukuba ukubunjwa kwesinyithi kunye nombutho ube neemeko ezifanayo, yonke indawo yesinyithi idliwe ngesantya esifanayo. Kwimikhumbi yoxinzelelo lwensimbi engenasici, kwindawo engcolileyo enexabiso eliphantsi le-PH, ifilimu ye-passivation inokulahlekelwa yimpembelelo yayo yokukhusela ngenxa yokuchithwa, kwaye emva koko kwenzeka i-corrosion epheleleyo. Ingaba i-corrosion epheleleyo ebangelwa ukubola kweekhemikhali okanye i-electrochemical corrosion, into eqhelekileyo kukuba kunzima ukwenza ifilimu ye-passivation ekhuselayo ebusweni bezinto ngexesha lenkqubo ye-corrosion, kwaye iimveliso ze-corrosion zingancibilika phakathi, okanye yenza i-oksidi ene-porous ekhululekile, eqinisa inkqubo yokubola. Umonakalo wokubola obanzi awunakujongelwa phantsi: okokuqala, kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni indawo yoxinzelelo lwesitya soxinzelelo lwesitya, esinokubangela ukuvuza kwe-perforation, okanye ukugqabhuka okanye ukuchithwa ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamandla; Okwesibini, kwinkqubo ye-electrochemical comprehensive corrosion, i-H + ye-reduction reaction isoloko ihamba kunye, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba izinto zizaliswe nge-hydrogen, kwaye emva koko zikhokelele kwi-hydrogen embrittle kunye nezinye iingxaki, esi sizathu sokuba kutheni izixhobo kufuneka zikhutshwe. ngexesha lokugcinwa kwe-welding.
2. I-Pitting yinto ye-corrosion yengingqi eqala kumphezulu wesinyithi kwaye yanda ngaphakathi ukuze yenze umngxuma omncinci omise okwe-corrosion. Kwindawo ethile yokusingqongileyo, emva kwexesha elithile, imingxunya eqingqiweyo okanye imingxuma ingavela kumphezulu wesinyithi, kwaye le mingxunya echongiweyo iya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ubunzulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona ilahleko yokuqala yentsimbi inokuba yincinci, ngenxa yesantya esikhawulezayo sokubola kwendawo, izixhobo kunye neendonga zemibhobho zihlala zigqobhoza, okukhokelela kwiingozi zequbuliso. Kunzima ukuhlola i-corrosion ye-pitting kuba umngxuma wokuntywila mncinci ngokobungakanani kwaye usoloko ugqunyelelwe zimveliso zomhlwa, ngoko ke kunzima ukulinganisa kunye nokuthelekisa iqondo le-pitting ngokobungakanani. Ke ngoko, i-corrosion ye-pitting ingathathwa njengenye yezona ndlela zitshabalalisayo kunye ne-insidious corrosion form.
3. I-Intergranular corrosion yinto ye-corrosion yendawo eyenzeka ecaleni okanye kufuphi nomda weenkozo, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokwahlukana phakathi kwendawo yeenkozo kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali zangaphakathi, kunye nobukho bokungcola komda weenkozo okanye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Nangona i-intergranular corrosion isenokungabonakali kwinqanaba elikhulu, emva kokuba yenzekile, amandla ezinto eziphathekayo alahleka ngokukhawuleza, ngokufuthi okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwequbuliso kwesixhobo ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, i-intergranular corrosion iguqulwa ngokulula ibe yi-intergranular stress corrosion cracking, ethi ibe ngumthombo woxinzelelo lwe-corrosion cracking.
4. I-Gap corrosion yinto eyenzeka kwi-gap emxinwa (ububanzi buhlala buphakathi kwe-0.02-0.1mm) eyenziwe kumphezulu wesinyithi ngenxa yemizimba yangaphandle okanye izizathu zesakhiwo. Ezi zikhewu kufuneka zibe mxinwa ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ulwelo ukuba lungene luze luzinze, ngaloo ndlela lubonelela ngeemeko zokuba umsantsa udle. Kwizinto ezisetyenziswayo, iindawo ezidityanisiweyo zeflange, umphezulu wokudityaniswa kwamandongomane, iindawo ezidityanisiweyo, imithungo yeweld engadityaniswanga, iintanda, iintunja ezingaphezulu, i-slag ye-welding engacocwanga kwaye ifakwe kumphezulu wentsimbi yesikali, ukungcola, njl. njl., kunokubangela izithuba ezikhokelela ukubola komsantsa. Olu hlobo lwe-corrosion yendawo luqhelekile kwaye luyonakalisa kakhulu, kwaye lungonakalisa intembeko yokudityaniswa koomatshini kunye nokuqina kwezixhobo, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwezixhobo kunye neengozi ezitshabalalisayo. Ngoko ke, ukuthintela kunye nokulawulwa kwe-corrosion ye-crevice kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ukugcinwa rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye nokucoca kuyadingeka.
5. Uxinzelelo lwe-corrosion akhawunti ye-49% yeentlobo ze-corrosion epheleleyo yazo zonke izitya, ezibonakaliswa yimpembelelo ye-synergistic yoxinzelelo lwe-directional kunye ne-corrosive medium, ekhokelela kwi-brittle cracking. Olu hlobo lokuqhekeka lunokuphuhlisa kungekhona kuphela kumda wengqolowa, kodwa kunye nengqolowa ngokwayo. Ngophuhliso olunzulu lweentanda ukuya ngaphakathi kwentsimbi, kuya kukhokelela ekunciphiseni okubonakalayo kumandla esakhiwo sesinyithi, kwaye nokuba wenze izixhobo zetsimbi zonakaliswe ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwesilumkiso. Ngoko ke, i-stress corrosion-induced cracking (SCC) ineempawu zokutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunamandla, emva kokuba i-crack yenziwe, izinga layo lokwandisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye akukho silumkiso esibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokungaphumeleli, okuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu yokungaphumeleli kwezixhobo. .
6. Isiganeko sokugqibela se-corrosion esiqhelekileyo yi-corrosion i-fatigue corrosion, ebhekisela kwinkqubo yomonakalo owenziwe ngokuthe ngcembe kumphezulu wezinto eziphathekayo kude kube nokugqabhuka phantsi kwesenzo esidibeneyo sokutshintshana koxinzelelo kunye ne-corrosive medium. Isiphumo esidityanisiweyo sokubola kunye nokutshintshana kwezinto zenza ukuba ixesha lokuqalisa kunye namaxesha okujikeleza okudinwa kuncitshiswe ngokucacileyo, kwaye isantya sokusasazwa kwe-crack sanda, okubangela umda wokudinwa kwezixhobo zetsimbi uncitshiswe kakhulu. Lo mcimbi awugcini nje ukukhawuleza ukungaphumeleli kwangaphambili kwento yoxinzelelo lwesixhobo, kodwa kwakhona yenza ubomi benkonzo yomkhumbi woxinzelelo owenziwe ngokwemiqathango yokukhathala kakhulu ephantsi kunokuba kulindelwe. Kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa, ukwenzela ukuba kuthintelwe iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zokubola ezifana nokukhathala kwe-corrosion ye-stainless steel pressure vessels, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo alandelayo: rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukucoca ngokucokisekileyo ngaphakathi kwitanki ye-sterilization, itanki yamanzi ashushu kunye nezinye izixhobo; Ukuba ubunzima bamanzi buphezulu kwaye izixhobo zisetyenziswa ngaphezu kweeyure ze-8 ngosuku, zicocwa rhoqo kwiinyanga ezi-3.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-19-2024